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Quick Notes of Important Viruses for Microbiology Students 

Properties of some important viruses for microbiology students, including morphology, infection, incubation time, symptoms, assay, antiviral drug. S.N. Virus Morphology Infection I.P. Symptoms Specimen Assay Antiviral Vaccine 1 Small Pox (Variola Virus) Size: 400-240-100 Nucleic Acid: DNA Envelope: Present Antigen. LS No animal reservoir, Virus enters through the respiratory mucosa multiples in draining lymph node […]

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Nobel Prize in Medicine 2023

2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Awarded for mRNA Vaccine Discoveries

The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman “for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.” mRNA vaccines work by delivering messenger RNA (mRNA) into the body. mRNA is a molecule that

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richter vs moment magnitude scale

Richter Scale vs. Moment Magnitude Scale: What’s the Difference?

The Richter scale and the moment magnitude scale are two of the most common earthquake scales. The Richter scale was developed in the 1930s, while the moment magnitude scale was developed in the 1970s. Both scales are used to measure the size of an earthquake, but they have different strengths and weaknesses. The Richter scale

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