- \n
- It is simple and easy to understand and use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- It is a building block of many other programming language.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- C code can run on various platforms with minimal modifications.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- It is fast and efficient.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Disadvantages of C Programming<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- It is case sensitive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The error or bugs aren’t detected after each line of code.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- There is no runtime checking in c language.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- As the program extends it is very difficult to fix the bugs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Feature of C Programming<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- It is structured programming language.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- It offers low-level memory manipulation and direct hardware interaction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- C code can be compiled and run on various platforms with minor adjustments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- C provides a rich library of functions for tasks like I\/O, math, and string manipulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Why C Programming is called structured programming language?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C programming is called structured programming because it emphasizes organizing code into clear, logical structures using functions and control flow constructs like loops and conditionals, enhancing code readability and maintainability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Structure of C Program<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- The ‘#include’ in the first line of the program is called a preprocessor directive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The next statement is the main() function. This is the place where the execution of the C program begins.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Each expression must end with semicolon (;).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Next comes the opening brace ‘{” which indicates the beginning of the function.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- The closing brace ‘}’ indicates the end of the function.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- ‘\/\/……………’ is used for single line remarks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- ‘\/*……………….*\/’ is used for multiline remarks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Preprocessor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The C preprocessor is a text processing tool that is used to modify the source code of a C program before it is compiled. It handle directives for the following in c program<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Source file inclusion (#include)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Macro definition (#define)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Conditional inclusion(#if, #ifdef, #elif, #endif)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Miscellaneous directives (#,pragma, #undef, #error)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
File Inclusion<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
#include<filename> ; in specific directory, if you use DevC++ then in C:\/Dev-Cpp\/include<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#include “filename” ; in specific and current directory(cpp saved files location)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Macro define<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
The declaration of variable by using #define is called macro define<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#define PI 3.1416<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Header Files<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
A file that is defined to be included at the beginning of a program in C language that contains the definitions of data types and declarations of variables used by the functions in the program is called header file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
It is placed at top of the every program and it’s file extension is ‘.h’<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Header Files<\/strong><\/td> Description<\/strong><\/td> Main functions<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> stdio.h<\/td> Standard input and output<\/td> gets(), puts(), gstchar(), scanf(), printf(), rename (), etc<\/td><\/tr> conio.h<\/td> Console input output (for DOS complier)<\/td> getch(), getche()<\/td><\/tr> math.h<\/td> Mathematical calculation<\/td> sin(x), log(x), pow(x,2), srt(x), cbrt(x)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> Some header files<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Character Set = alphabet, number, spec<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Keywords<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The predefined reversed word of c program is called keyword which is directly recognized by compiler. The keywords are written in lowercase. There are 32 keyword in c programming. For example; char, while, do, int, if, else, case, printf, double, long, return, const, float, unsigned, for, void, goto, etc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Identifier<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
The name given to various elements such as constants, variables, function name, etc rather than keywords called identifier. Identifiers are defined according to the following rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- It consists of letter, digit and underscore ‘_’ only.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- First character must be an alphabet or underscore.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Keywords can not be used as identifier<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Only one special character ‘_’ can use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- For Example add, sum, num, c12, _at, s_m, etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Basic Data Type in C<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Data Type<\/strong><\/td> Type<\/td> Memory<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> void<\/td> nothing<\/td> 0<\/td><\/tr> char<\/td> character<\/td> 1 byte<\/td><\/tr> int<\/td> Integer<\/td> 2 or 4 bytes<\/td><\/tr> float<\/td> Floating point<\/td> 4 bytes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> Data type in c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Constant Declaration \u2192 const int a= 5; \/\/constant integer<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Variable Declaration \u2192 int a= 5; \/\/variable declartion<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Local variable \u2192 Declared within the function<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Global variable \u2192 Declared outside the function<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Types of specifier <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
It is used to format input and output in screen. It is of two types; escape sequence(format nonprintable character) and format specifier(format printable character)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Escape Sequence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Escape Sequence <\/strong><\/td> Meaning<\/strong> \/normally used by printf() function<\/td><\/tr> \\’<\/td> Pint ‘ in output<\/td><\/tr> \\”<\/td> Print ” in output<\/td><\/tr> \\0<\/td> Terminate string<\/td><\/tr> \\n<\/td> New line in output display<\/td><\/tr> \\t<\/td> Create tab or 8 space in print output<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> Escape sequence<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Format Specifier<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Format Sequence <\/strong><\/td> Meaning<\/strong> \/normally used by scanf() and printf() function<\/td><\/tr> %d, %i<\/td> signed integer with + or – sign<\/td><\/tr> %u<\/td> unsigned integer without + or – sign<\/td><\/tr> %f<\/td> float number<\/td><\/tr> %e<\/td> exponent number<\/td><\/tr> %o<\/td> octal integer<\/td><\/tr> %c<\/td> single character<\/td><\/tr> %s<\/td> string<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Uses of Format Specifier in C<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example<\/strong><\/td> Output<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> printf(“%d”, a);<\/td> 12345678<\/mark><\/mark><\/td><\/tr> printf(“%10d”, a);<\/td> 12345678<\/mark><\/td><\/tr> printf(“%-10d”, a);<\/td> 12345678 <\/mark> <\/td><\/tr> printf(“%f”, a);<\/td> 1.2345678<\/mark><\/td><\/tr> printf(“%5.3f”, a);<\/td> 1.234<\/mark><\/td><\/tr> printf(“%x”, a);<\/td> BC614E<\/mark><\/td><\/tr> printf(“%s”, c);<\/td> COMPUTER<\/mark><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Operators<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Operator<\/strong><\/td> Function<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> +<\/td> Add<\/td><\/tr> –<\/td> Substract<\/td><\/tr> *<\/td> Multiply<\/td><\/tr> \/<\/td> Divide<\/td><\/tr> %<\/td> Reminder of Division<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> Arithmetic Operator<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Operator<\/strong><\/td> Function<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> ==<\/td> Return true if both are equal<\/td><\/tr> !=<\/td> Return true if both are unequal<\/td><\/tr> <<\/td> Return true if first value is less<\/td><\/tr> ><\/td> Return true if first value is greater<\/td><\/tr> <=<\/td> Return true if first value is less or equal to second value<\/td><\/tr> >=<\/td> Return true if first value is greater or equal to second value<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> Relational Operator<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Operator<\/strong><\/td> Function<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> &&<\/td> AND Logic<\/td><\/tr> ||<\/td> OR Logic<\/td><\/tr> !<\/td> NOT Logic<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> Logical Operator<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Increment Operator<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
++ is used as increment operator, it increase the value of variable by 1. Example; i++, a++ (post increment), ++i, ++a (pre increment).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Decrement Operator<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
— is used as decrement operator, it decrease the value of variable by 1. Example; i–, a– (post decrement), –i, –a (pre decrement).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Input Output Function<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Function<\/strong><\/td> Uses<\/strong><\/td> Type<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> printf()<\/td> To print<\/td> Formatted Output<\/td><\/tr> scanf()<\/td> To assign input value<\/td> Formatted Input<\/td><\/tr> getch()<\/td> Get Character; hold output screen for next line until user press any key. It doesn’t echo(display) character during entry. Can be used instead of scanf() for single character<\/td> Unformatted Input<\/td><\/tr> getche()<\/td> Get Character; hold output screen for next line until user press any key. It echo(display) character during entry. Can be used instead of scanf() for single character<\/td> Unformatted Input<\/td><\/tr> putch()<\/td> Put Character; Print Single Character<\/td> Unformatted Output<\/td><\/tr> getchar()<\/td> To read character from keyboard <\/td> Unformatted Input<\/td><\/tr> putchar()<\/td> To print character on monitor<\/td> Unformatted Output<\/td><\/tr> gets()<\/td> To read single or multiple word from keyboard<\/td> Unformatted Input<\/td><\/tr> puts()<\/td> To print single or multiple word on monitor<\/td> Unformatted Output<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n Some Starting C Code<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\/\/To Print Hello World in C program\n#include<stdio.h>\nmain()\n{\n\tprintf(\"Hello World\");\n\treturn 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\/\/To assign integer value to variable and print it.\n#include<stdio.h>\nmain()\n{\n\tint x= 5; \/\/variable declaration\n\tprintf(\"value of x=%d\",x);\n\treturn 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\/\/Ask two integer and find it's sum\n#include<stdio.h>\nmain()\n{\n\tint a, b, sum;\n\tprintf(\"Enter first integer=\");\n\tscanf(\"%d\",&a);\n\tprintf(\"Enter first integer=\");\n\tscanf(\"%d\",&b);\n\tsum = a+ b;\n\tprintf(\"%d+%d = %d\",a,b,sum);\n\treturn 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\/\/Write a c program to ask first and last name to print full name\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <string.h>\n\nint main() \n{\n char firstName[50], lastName[50];\n\n printf(\"Enter the first name: \");\n scanf(\"%s\", firstName);\n printf(\"Enter the last name: \");\n scanf(\"%s\", lastName);\n\n \/\/ Concatenate the first and last names\n char fullName[100];\n strcpy(fullName, firstName); \/\/ Copy the first name into fullName\n strcat(fullName, \" \"); \/\/ Add a space between the names\n strcat(fullName, lastName); \/\/ Concatenate the last name\n \n \/\/ Print the full name\n printf(\"Full Name: %s\\n\", fullName);\n\n return 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\nUses of Control Statements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\/\/ If statement\n#include<stdio.h>\nint main()\n{\n int a;\n printf(\"Enter a number:\");\n scanf(\"%d\", &a);\n if(a>0)\n {\n printf(\"The number %d is positive.\", a);\n }\n else \n {\n printf(\"The number %d is negative.\", a);\n }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Defination C is a powerful and versatile general-purpose programming language with low-level system access that is used to write a wide variety of software, including operating systems, embedded systems, compilers, databases, and games. Advantages of C Programming Disadvantages of C Programming Feature of C Programming Why C Programming is called structured programming language? C programming […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":518,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":null,"ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":null,"stick-header-meta":null,"header-above-stick-meta":null,"header-main-stick-meta":null,"header-below-stick-meta":null,"astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[20,22,23,24],"class_list":["post-403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-c-programming","tag-c-programming","tag-c-programming-notes","tag-computer-programming","tag-programming"],"yoast_head":"\n
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