{"id":773,"date":"2025-02-03T17:06:15","date_gmt":"2025-02-03T11:21:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/?p=773"},"modified":"2025-02-03T17:27:54","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T11:42:54","slug":"mcnemars-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/","title":{"rendered":"McNemar&#8217;s Test"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" async \n  src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/mathjax\/2.7.7\/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML\">\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The McNemar test is a statistical test used to analyze paired nominal (categorical) data. It is applied when we have two dependent (paired) samples and want to determine if there is a significant change or difference between the two related conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When to Use the McNemar Test?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The data is categorical (e.g., Yes\/No, Success\/Failure, Present\/Absent).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The samples are <strong>paired<\/strong> (i.e., the same subjects are measured twice).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The goal is to test if there is a significant change in proportions between two related conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Applications<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Medical studies<\/strong>: To check if a new treatment is more effective than the old one by comparing the same patients before and after treatment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Marketing research<\/strong>: To assess if a customer changes their preference after a promotional campaign.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Psychology &amp; behavioral studies<\/strong>: To evaluate whether an intervention changes behavior.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Contingency Table for McNemar Test<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The test is based on a <strong>2&#215;2 contingency table<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><\/th><th>Condition B: Yes<\/th><th>Condition B: No<\/th><th>Row Total<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Condition A: Yes<\/strong><\/td><td>a<\/td><td>b<\/td><td>a + b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Condition A: No<\/strong><\/td><td>c<\/td><td>d<\/td><td>c + d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Column Total<\/strong><\/td><td>a + c<\/td><td>b + d<\/td><td>N<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>a<\/strong> = Number of cases where both conditions are &#8220;Yes.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>b<\/strong> = Number of cases where the first condition is &#8220;Yes&#8221; but the second is &#8220;No.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>c<\/strong> = Number of cases where the first condition is &#8220;No&#8221; but the second is &#8220;Yes.&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>d<\/strong> = Number of cases where both conditions are &#8220;No.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The McNemar test focuses on the discordant pairs (b and c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hypothesis of the McNemar Test<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Null Hypothesis (H\u2080)<\/strong>: The proportions of the two related groups are equal (no significant change).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alternative Hypothesis (H\u2081)<\/strong>: There is a significant difference between the two related proportions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Test Statistics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\\(\\chi^2 = \\frac{(b-c)^2}{b+c}\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For small sample size use Edwards continuity correction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\\(\\chi^2 = \\frac{(|b-c|-1)^2}{b+c}\\)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The test statistic follows a <strong>Chi-square<\/strong> \\(\\chi^2\\) <strong>distribution<\/strong> with <strong>1 degree of freedom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Decision Rule<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Compare the computed \\(\\chi^2\\) value with the <strong>critical value<\/strong> from the Chi-square table at <strong>\u03b1 = 0.05<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alternatively, calculate the <strong>p-value<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If <strong>p \u2264 0.05<\/strong>, reject H0H_0H0\u200b (significant difference).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If <strong>p > 0.05<\/strong>, fail to reject H0H_0H0\u200b (no significant difference).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The McNemar test is a statistical test used to analyze paired nominal (categorical) data. It is applied when we have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":null,"ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":null,"ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":null,"ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":null,"stick-header-meta":null,"header-above-stick-meta":null,"header-main-stick-meta":null,"header-below-stick-meta":null,"astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biostatistics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>McNemar&#039;s Test - Bioinformatics Notes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"McNemar&#039;s Test - Bioinformatics Notes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The McNemar test is a statistical test used to analyze paired nominal (categorical) data. It is applied when we have [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bioinformatics Notes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bioinformaticsnotes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-03T11:21:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-03T11:42:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sugam\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@pokharel_sugam\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sugam\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/mcnemars-test\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/mcnemars-test\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sugam\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/35f4d57cc2e78f6c92a357133a5e4747\"},\"headline\":\"McNemar&#8217;s Test\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-03T11:21:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-03T11:42:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/mcnemars-test\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":348,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Biostatistics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/mcnemars-test\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/mcnemars-test\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/mcnemars-test\\\/\",\"name\":\"McNemar's Test - Bioinformatics Notes\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-03T11:21:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-03T11:42:54+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/mcnemars-test\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/mcnemars-test\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/mcnemars-test\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"McNemar&#8217;s Test\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bioinformatics Notes\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Bioinformatics Notes\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/cropped-cropped-Bioinformatics_Notes_Logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/cropped-cropped-Bioinformatics_Notes_Logo.png\",\"width\":461,\"height\":293,\"caption\":\"Bioinformatics Notes\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/bioinformaticsnotes\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/github.com\\\/pokharelsugam\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/35f4d57cc2e78f6c92a357133a5e4747\",\"name\":\"Sugam\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/775860ea034c0c86990dad8f198568e219e4d183f79d82f52b1ac35c9bca5c10?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/775860ea034c0c86990dad8f198568e219e4d183f79d82f52b1ac35c9bca5c10?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/775860ea034c0c86990dad8f198568e219e4d183f79d82f52b1ac35c9bca5c10?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Sugam\"},\"description\":\"M.Sc. Bioinformatics (Pokhara University) -Running B.Sc. Microbiology (Tribhuvan University)\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/sugam-pokharel-40077913b\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/pokharel_sugam\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/pokharel_sugam\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@pokharel_sugam\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.tumblr.com\\\/pokharelsugam\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pokharelsugam.com.np\\\/bioinformatics\\\/author\\\/pokharelsugam\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"McNemar's Test - Bioinformatics Notes","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"McNemar's Test - Bioinformatics Notes","og_description":"The McNemar test is a statistical test used to analyze paired nominal (categorical) data. It is applied when we have [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/","og_site_name":"Bioinformatics Notes","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bioinformaticsnotes\/","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/","article_published_time":"2025-02-03T11:21:15+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-02-03T11:42:54+00:00","author":"Sugam","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@pokharel_sugam","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Sugam","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/"},"author":{"name":"Sugam","@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/#\/schema\/person\/35f4d57cc2e78f6c92a357133a5e4747"},"headline":"McNemar&#8217;s Test","datePublished":"2025-02-03T11:21:15+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-03T11:42:54+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/"},"wordCount":348,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Biostatistics"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/","url":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/","name":"McNemar's Test - Bioinformatics Notes","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-02-03T11:21:15+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-03T11:42:54+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/mcnemars-test\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"McNemar&#8217;s Test"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/#website","url":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/","name":"Bioinformatics Notes","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/#organization","name":"Bioinformatics Notes","url":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/01\/cropped-cropped-Bioinformatics_Notes_Logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/01\/cropped-cropped-Bioinformatics_Notes_Logo.png","width":461,"height":293,"caption":"Bioinformatics Notes"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bioinformaticsnotes\/","https:\/\/github.com\/pokharelsugam"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/#\/schema\/person\/35f4d57cc2e78f6c92a357133a5e4747","name":"Sugam","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/775860ea034c0c86990dad8f198568e219e4d183f79d82f52b1ac35c9bca5c10?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/775860ea034c0c86990dad8f198568e219e4d183f79d82f52b1ac35c9bca5c10?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/775860ea034c0c86990dad8f198568e219e4d183f79d82f52b1ac35c9bca5c10?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Sugam"},"description":"M.Sc. Bioinformatics (Pokhara University) -Running B.Sc. Microbiology (Tribhuvan University)","sameAs":["https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sugam-pokharel-40077913b\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/pokharel_sugam\/","https:\/\/x.com\/pokharel_sugam","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@pokharel_sugam","https:\/\/www.tumblr.com\/pokharelsugam"],"url":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/author\/pokharelsugam\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Sugam","author_link":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/author\/pokharelsugam\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"The McNemar test is a statistical test used to analyze paired nominal (categorical) data. It is applied when we have [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=773"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":783,"href":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/773\/revisions\/783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pokharelsugam.com.np\/bioinformatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}